The Shiro Corporation - High blood pressure or hypertension is a condition that occurs due to the force of blood pushing against the arterial walls being too high and this happens consistently.
As a result, the heart has to work harder to pump blood. Ideal blood pressure is when a person's blood pressure is in the normal category of 120/80 mmHg.
If it's higher than that, it's considered high blood pressure. And if the pressure is over 180/120 mmHg, it's considered an emergency or hypertensive crisis.
Immediately obtain emergency medical help for anyone who has that blood pressure reading.
If left untreated, high blood pressure or hypertension can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other serious health problems.
So, who are the people most at risk of experiencing hypertension?
Here are some groups of people who are most at risk of experiencing high blood pressure or hypertension:
1. People who consume too much salt
Consuming unhealthy amounts of salt is the main cause of high blood pressure in adults and elderly people.
Salam, a study published in Cureus Journal of Medical Science People who consume more than 10 grams of salt per day in their food have a higher risk of developing hypertension.
Excessive salt intake was identified as a major risk factor in the study due to its prevalence among the research participants.
2. Having overweight or obesity
Obesity, overweight, high body mass index (BMI), and high waist-to-hip ratio are risk factors for hypertension and other non-communicable diseases.
The waist-to-hip ratio and BMI are standard methods for determining a person's level of overweight or obesity.
For young women, having a high BMI is a major risk factor for developing hypertension.
Most of the patients in their study had a high body mass index or a large waist-to-hip ratio, and 58 percent of them had hypertension.
3. A person with an unhealthy eating pattern
One of the causes of high blood pressure or hypertension is an unhealthy diet and the increasing love for fast food.
In addition, increased consumption of oil and fatty foods also contributes to the rising prevalence of obesity, which can also lead to hypertension.
Research shows that the majority of hypertensive patients have a poor diet, high in saturated fats and low in protein and carbohydrates.
A lack of fruits and vegetables in one's diet has also been associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
4. People who exercise less
Lifestyle and lack of exercise are also major contributors to the development of hypertension.
According to a study published in the Indonesian Journal of Nursing, lack of physical activity can increase the risk of obesity and lead to hypertension.
Management and prevention of hypertension not only require pharmacological intervention but also a healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity.
Regular physical activity for 40 minutes per session, three times a week, can help control or prevent hypertension.
Because excess body weight increases the risk of hypertension, preventing obesity and engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of hypertension.
5. Has a family history of hypertension
Family history is also considered a risk factor for hypertension. First-degree relatives tend to have many of the same genes, which can make a person more susceptible to hypertension.
Some studies have found that individuals with a family history of hypertension have twice the risk of developing hypertension compared to those without such a history.
The high sodium-lithium counter-transport, low urinary kallikrein excretion, high serum uric acid levels, high fasting plasma insulin concentration, high-density LDL subfraction, high blood pressure index, lipid pattern, oxidative stress, and body mass index, sodium intake, and exposure to heavy metals are genetic factors associated with high blood pressure.
6. Smokers
Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor for heart and blood diseases. This is due to the nicotine and carbon monoxide content in cigarettes.
Nicotine content will affect heart rate and blood pressure through the release of catecholamines and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Nicotine that stimulates the sympathetic nerves causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure by increasing the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Long-term smoking increases blood pressure, which can lead to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, plaque formation, and damage to blood vessels.
7. Alcohol consumers
The renin-angiotensin system in the body can be affected by alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause the renin-angiotensin system to become active.
When alcohol consumption increases and affects the renin-angiotensin system, fluid and electrolyte balance changes, and arterial blood pressure increases.
Research on individuals over 18 years old who have consumed excessive alcohol in the past four weeks are at risk of developing hypertension.
Consuming seven to thirteen glasses of alcohol per week can also increase the risk of developing stage one or two hypertension.
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